How the ‘Lejabys’ Came into Being: Artists and Workers in Struggle. A Spatio-Temporal Odyssey between ‘Mobilising’ and ‘Organising’

  • Géraldine Schmidt IAE Paris, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France
  • Damien Mourey University of French Polynesia, France
  • Natalia Bobadilla Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
Keywords: Social conflict, Social movement, Art, Creativity, Arts-based methods, Time, Space

Abstract

Art and other creative approaches can be a resource or a mobilising strategy for activists and artists. Little work has been done, however, on what happens in the interactions between artists and activists in the daily life of a conflict. We suggest that social mobilisations may be seen as organising processes as well as mobilising actions, and we analyse how creative and artistic approaches may contribute to this organising/mobilising reciprocal relationship. Based on an analysis of the conflict that accompanied the announcement of the Lejaby plant closure in Yssingeaux in 2012, which inspired several artists, we show that these approaches, by their capacity to grasp sensitive dimensions, favour spatio-temporal episodes that structure the struggle: some constitute protected spaces, which can correspond to an intimate reflexive time or to a collective moment of synchronisation of subjective temporalities; others correspond to hybridised spaces, which can be sometimes empowering and sometimes theatrical. We thus contribute both to the field of social movement analysis and to the role of art and creativity in the organisation and mobilisation within these movements; we also contribute to a relational reading of the spatial and temporal dimensions of organisation and collective action, in the tradition of Lefebvre and Massey.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aminzade, R. R., Goldstone, J. A., McAdam, D., Perry, E. J. et al. (2001). Silence and voice in the study of contentious politics. Cambridge University Press.

Balasinski, J. & Mathieu, L. (2020). Art et contestation. In O. Fillieule (éd.), Dictionnaire des mouvements sociaux (pp. 68–73). Presses de Sciences Po. doi: 10.3917/scpo.filli.2020.01.0068

Barry, D. & Meisiek, S. (2010). Seeing more and seeing differently: Sensemaking, mindfulness, and the workarts. Organization Studies, 31(11), 1505–1530. doi: 10.1177/0170840610380802

Becker, H. S. (2007). Comment parler de la société? La Découverte.

Benford, R. D. & Snow, D. A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 611–639. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611

Beyes, T. (2009). An aesthetics of displacement: Thomas Pynchon’s symptomatology of organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 22(4), 421-436.

Beyes, T. & Steyaert, C. (2012). Spacing organization: Non-representational theory and performing organizational space. Organization, 19(1), 45–61. doi: 10.1177/1350508411401946

Bishop, C. (2012). Artificial hells: Participatory art and the politics of spectatorship. Verso Books.

Blumental, M. (2012). Lejaby, Carnet de Bord. Cine Syncope. https://cinesyncope.fr

Bouffartigue, P. & Giraud, B. (2019). Conflictualités ordinaires au travail. Présentation du Corpus. La Nouvelle Revue du Travail, 15. doi: 10.4000/nrt.5648

Casemajor, N., Lamoureux, È. & Racine, D. (2016). Art participatif et médiation culturelle: Typologie et enjeux des pratiques. In C. Camart, F. Mairesse, C. Prévost-Thomas & P. Vessely (Eds.), Les mondes de la médiation culturelle: Approches de la médiation (pp. 171–184). L’Harmattan.

Cefaï, D. (2018). Pragmatisme, pluralisme et politique: Éthique sociale, pouvoir-avec et self-government selon Mary P. Follett. Pragmata, vol. 15(1), 180–243.

Clegg, S. R. & Van Iterson, A. (2013). The effects of liquefying place, time, and organizational boundaries on employee behavior: Lessons of classical sociology. M@n@gement, 16(5), 621–635. doi: 10.3917/mana.165.0621

Clough, P. T. (2007). Introduction. In P. T. Clough & J. Halley (Eds.), The affective turn: Theorizing the social (pp. 1–33). Duke University Press.

Dale, K. & Burrell, G. (2007). The spaces of organisation and the organisation of space: Power, identity and materiality at work. Palgrave Macmillan.

Datta, D. K., Guthrie, J. P., Basuil, D. & Pandey, A. (2010). Causes and effects of employee downsizing: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 36(1), 281–348. doi: 10.1177/0149206309346735

De Bakker, F. G. A., Den Hond, F., King, B. & Weber, K. (2013). Social movements, civil society and corporations: Taking stock and looking ahead. Organization Studies, 34(5–6), 573–593. doi: 10.1177/0170840613479222

De Bakker, F. G. A., Den Hond, F. & Laamanen, M. (2017). Social movements: Organizations and organizing. In C. Roggeband & B. Klandermans (Eds.), Handbook of social movements across disciplines (pp. 203–231). Springer International Publishing.

Debenedetti, S., Perret, V. & Schmidt, G. (2019). Les méthodes de recherche basées sur l’art. In L. Garreau & P. Romelaer (Eds.), Méthodes de recherche qualitatives innovantes (pp. 59–82). Economica.

Dorf, M. C., & Sabel, C. F. (1998). A constitution of democratic experimentalism. Columbia Law Review, 98(2), 267–473. https://doi.org/10.2307/1123411.

Dubet, F. (2019). Les mutations du travail. La Découverte.

Duncombe, S. & Lambert, S. (2018). Artistic activism. In G. Meikle (Ed.), The Routledge companion to media and activism (pp. 57–64). Routledge.

Duyvendak, J. W. & Fillieule, O. (2015). Patterned fluidity: An Interactionist perspective as a tool for exploringt contentious politics. In J. M. Jasper & J. W. Duyvendak (Eds.), Players and arenas: The interactive dynamics of protest (pp. 295–318). Amsterdam University Press.

Duyvendak, J. W. & Jasper, J. M. (2015). Players and arenas: The interactive dynamics of protest. Amsterdam University Press.

Edelman, M. (1995). From art to politics: How artistic creations shape political conceptions. University of Chicago Press.

Eyerman, R. & Jamison, A. (1998). Music and social movements: Mobilizing traditions in the twentieth century. Cambridge University Press.

Fabbri, J. (2016). Les espaces de coworking: Ni tiers-lieux, ni incubateurs, ni Fab Labs. Entreprendre and Innover, 31(4), 8–16. doi: 10.3917/entin.031.0008

Fillieule, O. (2001). Post scriptum: Propositions pour une analyse processuelle de l’engagement individuel. Revue Française de Science Politique, 51(1–2), 199–215. doi: 10.3406/rfsp.2001.403613

Fillieule, O. (2005). Temps biographique, temps social et variabilité des rétributions. Le désengagement militant, 17–47.

Fillieule, O., Agrikoliansky, E. & Sommier, I. (2010). Penser les mouvements sociaux: Conflits sociaux et contestations dans les sociétés contemporaines. La Découverte.

Flingstein, N. & McAdam, D. (2012). Toward a general theory of strategic action fields. Oxford University Press.

Gallot, F. (2015). En découdre: Comment les ouvrières ont révolutionné le travail et la société. La Découverte.

Gautier, V. (2012). Cris de colère. http://www.vgpic.com

Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. & Polletta, F. (2000). The return of the repressed: The fall and rise of emotions in social movement theory. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 5(1), 65–83. doi: 10.17813/maiq.5.1.74u39102m107g748

Goodwin, J. & Jasper, J. M. (2004). Rethinking social movements: Structure, culture, and emotion. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Gordon, L. (2002). Social movements, leadership, and democracy: Toward more utopian mistakes. Journal of Women’s History, 14(2), 102–117. doi: 10.1353/jowh.2002.0043

Guillet De Monthoux, P., Gustafsson, C. & Sjöstrand, S. (2007). Aesthetic leadership: Managing fields of flow in art and business. Palgrave Macmillan.

Hatch, M. J. & Schultz, M. (2002). The dynamics of organizational identity. Human Relations, 55(8), 989–1018. doi: 10.1177/0018726702055008181

Haug, C. (2013). Organizing spaces: Meeting arenas as a social movement infrastructure between organization, network, and institution. Organization Studies, 34(5–6), 705–732. doi: 10.1177/0170840613479232

Hildwein, F. (2020). How communicative performances can constitute an organization’s self. M@n@gement, 23(1), 61–80. doi: 10.3917/mana.231.0061

Hurwitz, H. M. & Crossley, A. D. (2018). Gender and social movements. In D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, H. Kriesi & H. J. McCammon (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell companion to social movements (pp. 537–552). Wiley-Blackwell.

Jasper, J. M. (1998). The emotions of protest: Affective and reactive emotions in and around social movements. Sociological Forum, 13(3), 397–424. doi: 10.1023/A:1022175308081

Jasper, J. M. (2004). A strategic approach to collective action: Looking for agency in social-movement choices. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 9(1), 1–16. doi: 10.17813/maiq.9.1.m112677546p63361

Jasper, J. M. (2011). Emotions and social movements: Twenty years of theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 37(1), 285–303. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150015

Jasper, J. M. & Duyvendak, J. W. (Eds.). (2015). Players and arenas: The interactive dynamics of protest, Amsterdam University Press..

Join-Lambert, O., Lallement, M., Hatzfeld, N., Ray, J. E. et al. (2011). Au-delà du conflit et de la négociation? Sociologie du Travail, 53(2), 160–193. doi: 10.1016/j.soctra.2011.03.002

Kingma, S. F., Dale, K. & Wasserman, V. (2018). Introduction: Henri Lefebvre and organization studies. In S. F. Kingma, K. Dale & V. Wasserman (Eds.), Organizational space and beyond (pp. 1–24). Routledge.

Kornberger, M. & Clegg, S. R. (2004). Bringing space back in: Organizing the generative building. Organization Studies, 25(7), 1095–1114. doi: 10.1177/0170840604046312

Kunter, A. & Bell, E. (2006). The promise and potential of visual organizational research. M@n@gement, 9(3), 177–197. doi: 10.3917/mana.093.0177

Kurzman, C. (2008). Meaning-making in social movements. Anthropological Quarterly, 81(1), 5–15. doi: 10.1353/anq.2008.0003

Lamoureux, È. (2010). Art et politique: L’engagement chez les artistes actuels en arts visuels au Québec. Ecosociété.

Lefebvre, H. (1991 [1974]). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Blackwell.

Mariette, A. (2011). Pour une analyse des films de leur production à leur réception: Du ‘cinéma social’ au cinéma comme lieu de mobilisations collectives. Politix, 93, 47–68. doi: 10.3917/pox.093.0047

Massey, D. (1993). Politics and space/time. In M. Keith & S. Pile (Eds.), Place and the politics of identity (pp. 141–161). Routledge.

Massey, D. (1995). Thinking radical democracy spatially. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13(3), 283–288. doi: 10.1068/d130283

Massey, D. (1999). Space-time, ‘science’ and the relationship between physical geography and human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24(3), 261–276. doi: 10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x

Massey, D. (2005). For space. Sage Publications.

Mathieu, L. (2004). Comment lutter? Textuel.

Mathieu, L. (2007). L’espace des mouvements sociaux. Politix, 77(1), 131–151. doi: 10.3917/pox.077.0131

Mathieu, L. (2021). The space of social movements. Social Movement Studies, 20(2), 193–207. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2019.1630267

McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D. & Zald, M. N. (1996). Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. Cambridge University Press.

McAdam, D. & Sewell, W. H. (2001). It’s about time: Temporality in the study of social movements and revolutions. In C. Tilley, D. McAdam, E. J. Perry, J. A. Goldstone, et al. (Eds.), Silence and voice in the study of contentious politics (pp. 89–125). Cambridge University Press.

McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. & Tilly, C. (2001). Contentious dynamics. Cambridge University Press.

McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. & Tilly, C. (2003). Dynamics of contention. Social Movement Studies, 2(1), 99–102. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2003.10035370

McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2008). Methods for measuring mechanisms of contention. Qualitative sociology, 31, 307–331.

McCarthy, J. D. & Zald, M. N. (1973). The trend of social movements in America: Professionalization and resource mobilization. General Learning Corporation.

Moss, D. M. & Snow, D. A. (2016). Theorizing social movements. In S. Abrutyn (Ed.), Handbook of contemporary sociological theory (pp. 547–569). Springer International Publishing.

Mukherjee, A. & Clegg, S. (2016). Theories des organisations: L’espace perdu? In F. De Vaujany, A. Hussenot & J. F. Chanlat (Eds.), Theories des organisations (pp. 199–226). Economica.

Oberschall, A. (1978). Theories of social conflict. Annual Review of Sociology, 4(1), 291–315. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.04.080178.001451

Pingaud, É. (2014). Les temporalités de la lutte. Politix, 106(2), 211–231. doi: 10.3917/pox.106.0211

Polletta, F. (1999). ‘Free spaces’ in collective action. Theory and Society, 28(1), 1–38. doi: 10.1023/A:1006941408302

Rancière, J. (2000). Le partage du sensible. La Fabrique.

Rancière, J. (2008). Le spectateur émancipé. La Fabrique.

Rancière, J. (2011). The thinking of dissensus: Politics and aesthetics. Reading Rancière, 1–17. doi: 10.5040/9781472547378.ch-001

Rancière, J. (2011). The thinking of dissensus: Politics and aesthetics. In P. Bowman and R. Stamp (Eds), Reading Rancière, London: Continuum, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472547378.ch-001.

Rao, H. & Dutta, S. (2012). Free spaces as organizational weapons of the weak: Religious festivals and regimental mutinies in the 1857 Bengal native army. Administrative Science Quarterly, 57(4), 625–668. doi: 10.1177/0001839212467744

Ratner, H. (2019). Topologies of organization: Space in continuous deformation. Organization Studies, 41(11), 1513–1530. doi: 10.1177/0170840619874464

Reed, T. V. (2019). The art of protest: Culture and activism from the civil rights movement to the streets of Seattle. University of Minnesota Press.

Reinhold, E. (2017). Art performance as research, friction and deed. M@n@gement, 20(1), 70–88. doi: 10.3917/mana.201.0070

Rodner, V., Roulet, T. J., Kerrigan, F. & Vom Lehn, D. (2019). Making space for art: A spatial perspective of disruptive and defensive institutional work in Venezuela’s art world. Academy of Management Journal, 63(4), 1054–1081. doi: 10.5465/amj.2016.1030

Roussillon, T. (2014). Petites Mains. Rouge Productions. https://www.vlrprod.fr/catalogue/

Roy, W. (2010). Comment les mouvements sociaux font la culture. In V. Roussel (Ed.), Les artistes et la politique Terrains franco-ame’ricains (pp. 45–73). PU de Vincennes.

Roy-Desrosiers, S. (2012). Introduction approfondie ą l’esthétique de Jacques Rancičre. Gnosis, 12(1), 41–56.

Schein, E. (2013). The role of art and the artist. Organizational Aesthetics, 2(1), 1–4.

Sergot, B. & Saives, A. L. (2016). Unplugged – Relating place to organization: A situated tribute to Doreen Massey. M@n@gement, 19(4), 335–352. doi: 10.3917/mana.194.0335

Sewell, W. H. (2001). Space in contentious politics. In C. Tilley, D. McAdam, E. J. Perry, J. A. Goldstone, et al. (Eds.), Silence and voice in the study of contentious politics (pp. 51–88). Cambridge University Press.

Shepard, B. (2012). Play, creativity, and social movements: If I can’t dance, it’s not my revolution. Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203831489

Siméant-Germanos, J. (2021). Conceptualizing contexts or contextualizing concepts? On some issues of the modeling of relational spaces in the study of collective action. Social Movement Studies, 20(2), 139–154. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2019.1629899

Snow, D. A. & Moss, D. M. (2014). Protest on the fly: Toward a theory of spontaneity in the dynamics of protest and social movements. American Sociological Review, 79(6), 1122–1143. doi: 10.1177/0003122414554081

Snow, D. A., Rochford, E. B., Worden, S. K. & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 464–481. doi: 10.2307/2095581

Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A. & Kriesi, H. (2004). The Blackwell companion to social movements. Blackwell.

Strati, A. (1999). Organization and aesthetics. Sage Publications.

Strati, A. (2010). Aesthetic understanding of work and organizational life: Approaches and research developments. Sociology Compass, 4(10), 880–893.

Taylor, S. & Spicer, A. (2007). Time for space: A narrative review of research on organizational spaces. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 325–346. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00214.x

Taylor, S. S. & Ladkin, D. (2009). Understanding arts-based methods in managerial development. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 8(1), 55–69. doi: 10.5465/amle.2009.37012179

Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. Addison-Wesley.

Tilly, C. (1984). Les origines du répertoire de l’action collective contemporaine en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Vingtième Siècle Revue D’histoire, 4, 89–108. doi: 10.3406/xxs.1984.1719

Vander Gucht, D. (2004). Art et politique. Pour une redéfinition de l’art engagé. Quartier Libre.

Vander Gucht, D. (2014). L’expérience politique de l’art: Retour sur la définition de l’art engagé. Les Impressions Nouvelles.

Vélez-Vélez, R. & Villarrubia-Mendoza, J. (2018). Interpreting mobilization dynamics through art: A look at the DREAMers movement. Current Sociology, 67(1), 100–121. doi: 10.1177/0011392118807517

Vitiello, A. (2019). Radical democracy between action and institution: From adversarial to prefigurative politics. Raisons Politiques, 75(3), 63–93. doi: 10.3917/rai.075.0063

Weber, K. & King, B. (2014). Social movement theory and organization studies. In P. Adler, P. Du Gay, G. Morgan & M. Reed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of sociology, social theory and organization studies: Contemporary currents (pp. 487–509). Oxford University Press.

Weinfurtner, T. & Seidl, D. (2019). Towards a spatial perspective: An integrative review of research on organisational space. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 35(2), 101009. doi: 10.1016/j.scaman.2018.02.003

Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.

Published
2023-03-15
How to Cite
Schmidt G., Mourey D., & Bobadilla N. (2023). How the ‘Lejabys’ Came into Being: Artists and Workers in Struggle. A Spatio-Temporal Odyssey between ‘Mobilising’ and ‘Organising’. M@n@gement, 26(1), 3-34. https://doi.org/10.37725/mgmt.2023.4578
Section
Original Research Articles