Caring for Suicide Loss Survivors: How Fiction May Help to Research, Teach, and Cope with Suicide-Related Bereavement
Abstract
This paper addresses the hard-to-manage, work-related phenomenon of suicide. A qualitative, postventive, and protective approach explores how business researchers and teachers may care, inquire, and talk about suicide. The use of fiction and personal experience illustrates a potential affective approach to cope with suicide-related bereavement. Suicide raises ontological, epistemological, and existential questions that defy management as control (typical of prevention strategies), so this paper focuses on postvention, broadening the scope of organizational suicidology to include suicide loss survivors, while suggesting future paths for management-related teaching and research.
Downloads
References
Alvesson, M. & Sandberg, J. (2013). Has management studies lost its way? Ideas for more imaginative and innovative research. Journal of Management Studies, 50(1), 128–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01070.x
Andriessen, K. (2009). Can postvention be prevention? Crisis, 30(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.1.43
Andriessen, K. (2014). Suicide bereavement and postvention in major suicidology journals: Lessons learned for the future of postvention. Crisis, 35(5), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000269
Barry, D. & Meisiek, S. (2010). Seeing more and seeing differently: Sensemaking, mindfulness, and the workarts. Organization Studies, 31(11), 1505–1530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840610380802
Berkowitz, L., McCauley, J., Schuurman, D. L. & Jordan, J. R. (2011). Organizational postvention after suicide death. In J. R. Jordan & J. L. McIntosh (Eds.), Grief after suicide: Understanding the consequences and caring for the survivors (pp. 157–178). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886045
Beyes T., Costas, J. & Ortmann, G. (2019). Novel thought: Towards a literary study of organization. Organization Studies, 40(12), 1787–1803. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619874458
Camus, A. (1985 [1942]). Le mythe de Sisyphe. Essai sur l’absurde. Gallimard.
Case, A. & Deaton, A. (2020). Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton University Press.
Causer, H., Spiers, J., Efstathiou, N., Aston, S., Chew-Graham, C. A., Gopfert, A., Grayling, K., Maben, J., Van Hove, M. & Riley, R. (2022). The impact of colleague suicide and the current state of postvention guidance for affected co-workers: A critical integrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811565
Cederstrom, C. & Fleming, P. (2012). Dead man working. John Hunt.
Chabrak, N., Craig, R. & Daidj, N. (2016). Financialization and the employee suicide crisis at France Telecom. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2602-8
Chan, J. (2013). A suicide survivor: The life of a Chinese worker. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12007
Clegg, S., Cunha, M. P. E. & Rego, A. (2016). Explaining suicide in organizations: Durkheim revisited. Business and Society Review, 121(3), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12092
Collinson, D. L. (2003). Identities and insecurities: Selves at work. Organization, 10(3), 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084030103010
Costas, J. & Grey, C. (2016). Secrecy at work: The hidden architecture of organizational life. Stanford University Press.
Cullen, J. G. (2006). Meanings, Messages + Myths: The coverage and treatment of suicide in the Irish print media. Health Service Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/4/mental-health-services/nosp/research/meaningmessages.pdf
Cullen, J. G. (2014). Towards an organizational suicidology. Culture and Organization, 20(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2013.852550
Cunliffe, A. L. (2016). ‘On becoming a critically reflexive practitioner’ redux: What does it mean to be reflexive? Journal of Management Education, 40(6), 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562916668919
Cunliffe, A. L. (2018). Wayfaring: A scholarship of possibilities or let’s not get drunk on abstraction. M@n@gement, 21(4), 1429–1439. https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.214.1429
Dashtipour, P., Fotaki, M. & Vidaillet, B. (2019). The dark side of work in organizations: The lived experience of suffering at work. In M. Fotaki, G. Islam & A. Antoni (Eds.), Business ethics and care in organizations (pp. 70–85). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429029943
De Cock, C. (2000). Reflection on fiction, representation, and organization studies: An essay with special reference to the work of Jorge Luis Borges. Organization Studies, 21(3), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840600213005
De Cock, C. & Land, C. (2006). Organization/literature: Exploring the seam. Organization Studies, 27(4), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605058234
Dejours, C. (2005). Nouvelles formes de servitude et suicide. Travailler, 13(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.3917/trav.013.0053
De Rond, M. & Tunçalp, D. (2017). Where the wild things are: How dreams can help identify countertransference in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 20(3), 413–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116689706
De Vaujany, F.-X. & Introna, L. (2024). Becoming processual: Time to de-place managerial education. Management Learning, 55(5), 811–827. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076231183111
Devereux, G. (2014 [1967]). From anxiety to method in the behavioral sciences. De Gruyter Mouton.
Dhingra, K. (2017, May 31). Popular Netflix drama 13 Reasons Why sends out worrying messages about suicide. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/popular-netflix-drama-13-reasons-why-sends-out-worrying-messages-about-suicide-78008
Dickson-Swift, V., James, E. L., Kippen, S. & Liamputtong, P. (2009). Researching sensitive topics: Qualitative research as emotion work. Qualitative Research, 9(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794108098031
Duncan, C. M. & Elias, S. R. (2021). (Inter)subjectivity in the research pair: Countertransference and radical reflexivity in organizational research. Organization, 28(4), 662–684. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508420928524
Durkheim, E. (2005 [1897]). Suicide: A study in sociology. Routledge.
Ellis, C. (1999). Heartful autoethnography. Qualitative Health Research, 9(5), 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122153
Favereau, É. (2016a, January 17). Suicide à l’hôpital Pompidou : « des dysfonctionnements en série ». Libération. Retrieved from https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/01/17/suicide-a-l-hopital-pompidou-des-dysfonctionnements-en-serie_1427005/
Favereau, É. (2016b, January 19). Suicide à l’hôpital Pompidou : « En finir avec les arrangements entre amis ». Libération. Retrieved from https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/01/19/suicide-a-l-hopital-pompidou-en-finir-avec-les-arrangements-entre-amis_1427386/
Fine, G. A. & Manning, P. (2003). Erving Goffman. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to major contemporary social theorists (pp. 34–62). Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999912.ch3
Fitzpatrick, S. J., Hooker, C. & Kerridge, I. (2015). Suicidology as a social practice. Social Epistemology, 29(3), 303–322. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2014.895448
Foer, J. S. (2017). Here I Am. Penguin.
Fotaki, M., Kenny, K. & Vachhani, S. J. (2017). Thinking critically about affect in organization studies: Why it matters. Organization, 24(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508416668192
Gabriel, Y. (1995). The unmanaged organization: Stories, fantasies and subjectivity. Organization Studies, 16(3), 477–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069501600305
Germain, M.-L. (2014). Work-related suicide: An analysis of US government reports and recommendations for human resources. Employee Relations, 36(2), 148–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2013-0009
Grey, C., & Sinclair, A. (2006). Writing differently. Organization, 13(3), 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508406063492
Haig, M. (2015). Reasons to stay alive. Canongate.
Hazell, C. M., Chapman, L., Valeix, S. F., Roberts, P., Niven, J. E. & Berry, C. (2020). Understanding the mental health of doctoral researchers: A mixed methods systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-synthesis. Systematic Reviews, 9, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01443-1
Henry, É. & Davido, B. (2021, January 8). Suicide des médecins, le sujet tabou – interview du Dr Eric Henry. Medscape. Retrieved from https://francais.medscape.com/voirarticle/3606594
Houellebecq, M. (2019). Sérotonine. Flammarion.
Howard, M. C., Follmer, K. B., Smith, M. B., Tucker, R. P. & Van Zandt, E. C. (2022). Work and suicide: An interdisciplinary systematic literature review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(2), 260–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2519
Janand, A., Maizeray, L. & Bazin, Y. (2021). On the limits of being ‘corporate’: Internal mobility, parrhesia, and ethical disasters. M@n@gement, 24(2), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.37725/mgmt.v24.5411
Learmonth, M. & Humphreys, M. (2012). Autoethnography and academic identity: Glimpsing business school doppelgängers. Organization, 19(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508411398056
Levecque, K., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., Van der Heyden, J. & Gisle, L. (2017). Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students. Research Policy, 46(4), 868–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008
Lucas, K., Kang, D. & Li, Z. (2013). Workplace dignity in a total institution: Examining the experiences of Foxconn’s migrant workforce. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1328-0
McMurray, R. (2022). Immersion, drowning, dispersion and resurfacing: Coping with the emotions of ethnographic management learning. Management Learning, 53(3), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076211020456
Meisiek, S. (2004). Which catharsis do they mean? Aristotle, Moreno, Boal and organization theatre. Organization Studies, 25(5), 797–816. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840604042415
Mueller, A. S. & Abrutyn, S. (2016). Adolescents under pressure: A new Durkheimian framework for understanding adolescent suicide in a cohesive community. American Sociological Review, 81(5), 877–899. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416663464
O’Connor, R. C. (2003). Suicidal behaviour as a cry of pain: Test of a psychological model. Archives of Suicide Research, 7(4), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/713848941
Oswald, A. (2018, June 28), Middle-aged academics are at greater suicide risk than students. Times Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/middle-aged-academics-are-greater-suicide-risk-students
Peillon, L. (2009, October 10). Urgence aux hôpitaux de Paris. Libération. Retrieved from https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2009/10/10/urgence-aux-hopitaux-de-paris_586966
Petani, F. J. (2019). Confessions of an organizational space writer. Organization, 26(6), 961–971. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418821010
Petani, F. J. & Mengis, J. (2023). Technology and the hybrid workplace: The affective living of IT-enabled space. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(8), 1530–1553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1998186
Pfeffer, J. (2018). Dying for a paycheck: How modern management harms employee health and company performance—And what we can do about it. HarperCollins.
Piquet, S. (2021, October 6). Suicide du professeur Barrat: une enquête préliminaire pour harcèlement moral ouverte. Marianne. Retrieved from https://www.marianne.net/suicide-du-professeur-barrat-une-enquete-preliminaire-pour-harcelement-moral-ouverte
Pitman, A. L, Stevenson, F., Osborn, D. P. & King, M. B. (2018). The stigma associated with bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A qualitative interview study. Social Science & Medicine, 198, 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.035
Proctor, W. (2017, July 6). Why psychologists have got it wrong on 13 Reasons Why. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/why-psychologists-have-got-it-wrong-on-13-reasons-why-79806
Quijada, M. A. (2021). My mental health struggle in academia: What I wish all business school faculty, students, and administration knew. Journal of Management Education, 45(1), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562920958433
Satinsky, E. N., Kimura, T., Kiang, M. V., Abebe, R., Cunningham, S., Lee, H., Lin, X., Liu, C. H., Rudan, I., Sen, S., Tomlinson, M., Yaver, M. & Tsai, A. C. (2021). Systematic review and meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Ph.D. students. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 14370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93687-7
Scalvini, M. (2020). 13 Reasons Why: Can a TV show about suicide be ‘dangerous’? What are the moral obligations of a producer? Media, Culture & Society, 42(7–8), 1564²–1574. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720932502
Scalvini, M. & Rigamonti, F. (2017). Why we must defend suicide in fiction. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 359. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4743
Shneidman, E. S. (1969). Prologue: Fifty-eight years. In E. Shneidman (Ed.), On the nature of suicide (pp. 1–30). Jossey-Bass.
Smith, C. & Ulus, E. (2020). Who cares for academics? We need to talk about emotional well-being including what we avoid and intellectualise through macro-discourses. Organization, 27(6), 840–857. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508419867201
Stone, D. M., Simon, T. R, Fowler, K. A., Kegler, S. R., Yua, K., Holland, K. M., Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z. & Crosby, A. E. (2018). Vital Signs: Trends in state suicide rates—United States, 1999–2016 and circumstances contributing to suicide —27 states, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(22), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6722a1
Stromboni, C. (2019, November 12). Immolation à Lyon: étudiants et enseignants sous le choc. Le Monde. Retrieved from https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/11/12/immolation-a-lyon-etudiants-et-enseignants-sous-le-choc_6018835_3224.html
Sturdy, A. (2003). Knowing the unknowable? A discussion of methodological and theoretical issues in emotion research and organizational studies. Organization, 10(1), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508403101004
The Economist (2022, December 10). Youth suicide. Beginnings and endings, pp. 40–41.
Tsoukas, H. (2017). Don’t simplify, complexify: From disjunctive to conjunctive theorizing in organization and management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 54(2), 132–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12219
Vidaillet, B., Chemin-Bouzir, C. & Vignon, C. (2018). Les nouveaux risques du métier: protéger les jeunes enseignants-chercheurs en gestion. Le Libellio, 14(4), 67–71. Retrieved from http://lelibellio.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Libellio-vol.-14-n°-4-pages-67-71-Vidaillet-B.-et-al.-2018-Les-nouveaux-risques-du-métier….pdf
Wallace, D. F. (1996). Infinite jest. Little, Brown.
World Health Organization (2024). Suicide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
Xu, K. & Li, W. (2013). An ethical stakeholder approach to crisis communication: A case study of Foxconn’s 2010 employee suicide crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(2), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1522-0
Zalsman, G., Hawton, K., Wasserman, D., Van Heeringen, K., Arensman, E., Sarchiapone, M., Carli, V., Höschl, C., Barzilay, R., Balazs, J., Purebl, G., Kahn, J.-P., Sáiz, P. A., Bursztein Lipsicas, C., Bobes, J., Cozman, D., Hegerl, U. & Zohar, J. (2016). Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(7), 646–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30030-X
Copyright (c) 2025 Fabio James Petani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to the AIMS.







Published by